Music Theory Department, Governor's Magnet School for the Arts, Norfolk, Virginia
Cadences
Turtle keeping cadenceCadences are required in order to establish a firm closing action to a phrase. There are many characteristics of cadences, such as:

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Authentic and Deceptive Cadences

Perfect and Imperfect Cadences

Authentic cadences, by for the most common type, are any progressions that end with the chords V-I.

Deceptive cadences end with any chord besides a I or V.
 

Half Cadences

A half cadences is any cadence ending on the dominant chord instead of the root. Typically a half cadence will have the figured bass notation of (*-V), where * is any chord but a IV(first inversion).
A perfect cadence is where, in an authentic cadence, both chords are in root position. An imperfect cadence is where the chords are in any other inversion.
 

Plagal and Phrygian Cadences

Plagal cadences have the ending of IV-I. It is also known as the "amen" chord.

Phrygian cadences were used primarily in the Baroque era. They have an ending of IV(first inversion) to V.